System for the realization of structural remaining caissons, for (reinforced) concrete casting

ABSTRACT

A system for the realization of caissons for containing concrete during capstan and which are due not to be removed in a following phase, includes: panels for containing the concrete, with air spaces or with spaces filled with insulating material; inserts for connection panels in vertical and horizontal direction, for hooking the caisson to the reinforced concrete and for controlling the position of metal reinforcements; containing squares that may be realized out of various materials with holes for hooking the panels during casting and for the perfect falling plumb of the pillars; connection rods for the squares; nails for fixing the rods and squares; at the end of the concrete casting the last components—nails, rods and squares are removed so as to be used again.

The present invention concerns a system for the realization and installation of structural caissons for (reinforced) concrete casting, which are due to remain as constituent of the final construction.

It is known that the method mostly used at present for the realization of conventional caissons is still the one that provides the use of boards, multilayer panels and similar, which are assembled by means of nails, brackets and other tie-beams.

This means that all above mentioned systems provide the disassembling of the caissons after a determined period from the casting. When the caissons are not disassembled, it usually depends on a problem of space.

It is the aim of the present invention to realize a new system for the realization of caissons due to remain in the final construction, consisting of different possible kinds of materials like bricks of any kind and shape, plastic materials, expanded or not expanded synthetic resins, metal, natural stone, wood and deriving products, ceramics and/or combinations thereof.

The system for the realization of caissons according to the present invention, for containing the cast concrete and for not being removed, comprises:

-   -   panels out of bricks or other material having the function of         containing the concrete, with air spaces or with spaces filled         with insulating material;     -   inserts for connecting the panels in vertical as well as in         horizontal direction, for hooking the caisson to the reinforced         concrete and for the control of the position of the metal         reinforcements;     -   containing squares that may be realized out of various materials         with holes for the hooking of the panels during casting and for         the perfect falling plumb of the pillars;     -   connection rods for said squares;     -   nails for fixing said rods and squares; at the end of the         concrete casting said last components—nails, rods and         squares—are removed so as to be used again.

The system comprising above mentioned components allows to perform concrete castings having many and considerable advantages:

-   -   lowering of construction times: the joint and connection systems         for the panels forming the caissons make the assembling         operation particularly quick and annul the disassembling and         recovering time for the elements used for the assembling;     -   lowering of the industrial accidents and treatment of the waste:         as it is known that the cuts, the nailing, the treatment with         chemical disarming substances, the disassembling as well as the         recovering of old construction elements, comprising the         provisional works, imply high risks for the workers, all these         risks are considerably reduced with the caissons according to         the present invention, and polluting and polluted waste         materials are annulled;     -   thermo-acoustic insulation: it is known that concrete frameworks         are considered as thermic bridges with the association of         bothersome condensation phenomena, while the caissons according         to the present invention consist of materials with low thermic         conduction and contain air spaces, with a consequent         considerable increase of insulating capacity;     -   control and increase of the distance between the iron         reinforcements from the outside: while it is known that the         covering of the iron by the concrete is the essential and         determining element for the duration and the stability in time         of all realizations out of reinforced concrete, and that if         during casting a outwards displacement of the iron cage occurs         it may undergo oxidation which determines an increase of volume         causing cracks, with the caissons according to the present         invention this problem is brilliantly solved. In fact, the         panels forming said caissons or the inserts assembling the same         have a number of projections on the casting side which are used         for the hooking thereof but also for preventing the moving of         the reinforcements towards the casting limit and towards said         caissons. Said caissons remaining in place form a further         barrier to the penetration of oxygen contained in the air         towards the reinforcements;     -   coating and finishing of the surface out of working: while any         kind of ornamental coating applied to the surfaces of the         already performed casting has always greater difficulties of         simple hooking resistant to time, the caissons according to the         present invention, due to the used materials, easily solve said         problem;     -   the thermo-hygrometrical conduct and mechanical performances of         the stable connection of the external vertical closings and the         vertical partitions internal to the concrete structures vary         from other materials, and any direct placement to the concrete         implies, with time passing by, more or less visible cracks on         the connection points; the finishing of the concrete provided by         the caissons according to the present invention completely         solves this problem;     -   possibility of housing canalizations: while it is known that         concrete must not be and may not be eroded for not to uncover         the iron of the reinforcement, thus making it impossible to         house raceways, with the caissons according to the present         invention the panels containing the casting may be notched for         making pass as many raceways as desired.

The present invention will be described more in detail hereinbelow relating to the enclosed drawings in which some embodiments are shown:

FIGS. 1, 2, 3 show three kinds of composition of the caissons according to the present invention, in particular:

-   -   FIG. 1 shows the realization of a caisson with a series of four         panels P, reciprocally joint by means of ends M and F, and that         are provided with air spaces A for increasing their         thermo-acoustic insulating capacity, and said panels have         suitable ends D for maintaining said panels hooked to the         concrete casting and for maintaining a determined distance with         the edge of the irons of a cage G;     -   FIG. 2 shows the realization of a caisson with a series of         panels according to FIG. 1, with the difference that in this         realization no air space 1 is provided for increasing the         insulating capacity: this variant may be applied in those         constructions where no particular thermo-acoustic insulation is         required;     -   FIG. 3 shows a square section of a caisson similar to the ones         shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, consisting of a greater number of         connection elements.

FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 show the elements for a particular realization of the system according to the present invention, and in particular:

-   -   FIG. 4 shows an axonometric view of the installation of caissons         made out of throw-away bricks;     -   FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 show, in different axonometric views,         inserts for the connection of panels P;     -   FIGS. 9 and 10 show a containing square in an internal and outer         axonometric view.

The enclosed figures show a system for the realization and installation of structural caissons for (reinforced) concrete, due to remain as a part of the final construction, comprising:

-   -   panels P that may be realized with bricks, plastic material,         alveolar concrete, stone, ceramics, iron, wood, aluminum or         combinations of the mentioned materials, having the function of         containing the concrete, with air spaces or with spaces filled         with any insulating material;     -   inserts IS provided with elements 1 for connecting panels P in         vertical as well as in horizontal direction; with elements 2 for         the control of the iron in the reinforcement (iron cover) and         for hooking the panels by penetrating the concrete in holes 3;         with support planes 4 and compensating distancing elements for         the panels; and with elements 5 for resting said panels;     -   containing squares SQ that may be realized out of plastic         material, iron, wood, aluminium or combinations thereof, with         holes 6 for inserting the connecting rods for making the pillars         fall plumb, and holes 7 for inserting nails C for connecting         containing rods ST. 

1. A system for the realization and installation of structural caissons for (reinforced) concrete castings, due to remain as a part of the final construction, characterized in: panels (P) out of bricks or other material, having the function of containing the concrete, and which get reciprocally connected by means of ends (M and F) for the realization of parallelepiped caissons, furthermore containing air spaces (A) for increasing the thermo-acoustic insulating capacity, as well as suitable ends (D) for maintaining said panels hooked to the concrete casting and for maintaining a determined distance with the irons of a cage (G); inserts (IS) provided with elements (1) for connecting panels (P) in vertical as well as in horizontal direction; with elements (2) for the control of the irons in the reinforcement (iron cover) and for hooking the panels by penetrating the concrete in holes (3); with support planes (4) and compensating distancing elements for the panels; and with elements (5) for supporting said panels; containing squares (SQ) that may be realized out of plastic material, iron, wood, aluminium or combinations thereof, with holes (6) for inserting the connecting rods for making the pillars fall plumb, and holes (7) for inserting nails (C) for connecting containing rods (ST).
 2. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that any material may be used that absorbs and/or balances thermic dilatations between the various components of said caissons and the casting, and any kind of shape for the joints for balancing the thermic dilatations.
 3. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that said panels P forming said caissons and said inserts IS assembling said panels have, on the side of the casting, ends which are used for their hooking as well as for preventing the movement of the reinforcements towards the limit of the casting and towards said caissons which, remaining at their place, form a further barrier to the penetration of the oxygen contained in the air towards said reinforcements, thus preventing the oxidation of the irons inside the concrete. 